イノベーションの進化に関する研究 : 仮説Ⅰ「イノベーションには２つの変曲点が存在する」: 仮説Ⅱ「指数関数的に進む萌芽時代では科学技術がイノベーションを先導するが、成長時代では人間社会 がイノベーションを減速させ、その後の社会変化がイノベーションをさらに減速させる」

This paper concerns the evolution of innovation. Innovation is classified as the embryonic era, the growth era, the extinction era. There are two inflection points for innovation: “inflection point A” to change from the embryonic era to the growth era and “inflection point B” to change from the growth era to the extinction era. 　Graphene （inflection point A in 2012）, neurotransmitter （inflection point A in 2002）, virtual currency （inflection point A in 2013）, laser microscope （inflection point A in 2004）, nanocrystal （Inflection point A in 2006）, “inflection point A” which converts from exponential increase to linear increase can be confirmed. 　Titanium （inflection point B in 2004）, tungsten （inflection point B in 2004）, aluminum （inflection point B in 2002）, nickel（ inflection point B in 2004）, silicon（ inflection point B in 2003）, chromium （inflection point B in 2003）, palladium （inflection point B in 2005）, cobalt （inflection point B in 2003）, magnesium （inflection point B in 2004）, vanadium （Inflection point B in 2006）,“ inflection point B” which converts from linear increase to linear decrease can be confirmed. 　Inflection points tend to appear clearly in metallic materials （titanium, tungsten, aluminum, nickel, palladium, cobalt, magnesium, vanadium） that are subject to geopolitical risks strongly influenced by human society. 　The hypothesis “there are two inflection points in the evolution of innovation” was verified. The hypothesis “although science and technology leads the innovation in the exponentially growing era, human society slows down the innovation in the growth era that goes straight, and the subsequent social change further slows down the innovation” was verified. 　Since the progress of innovation is hindered by human society, inflection points appear. Major application development of graphene was for filter application, capacitor application, cell application, semiconductor application, display device application, transistor application, battery application, lighting device application, light emitting device application, photoelectric conversion device application. Major application development of neurotransmitters was ocular disease application, cardiovascular disease application, chronic pain application, Alzheimer’s disease application, dementia application, diabetes application, sleep disorder application, Parkinson’s disease application. 　In the embryonic era led innovation, the science and technology develops explosively and leads strong innovation, but the expansion of innovation in the subsequent growth age is not so large, the growth era does not last long. Growth era led innovation is not strongly driven by the science and technology of the embryonic era, but strong growth continues for a long time in the growth era. 　Human society never accepts what science and technology of the embryonic era has developed freely. Since innovation is the multiplication of science and technology and human society, the contribution of human society is larger than science and technology. Innovation is rarely born of the best science and technology, it is rare to start with the mainstream of science and technology. The innovation’s wake smoke rises from an unexpected land of remote areas.