優れた少年野球指導者の身体知指導方略の定性的分析

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  • スグレタ ショウネン ヤキュウ シドウシャ ノ シンタイチ シドウ ホウリャク ノ テイセイテキ ブンセキ
  • Analyzing expert baseball coaches' strategy for physical tacit knowledge

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従来、動作のコツは指導できないとされてきた。果たして、動作のコツを指導することは本当に不可能なのであろうか。そこで本研究では、動作のコツを習得する際に機能するといわれる学習者の形態化身体知に対する優れた指導者の働きかけを明らかにすることを目的とした。調査は、3名の指導者と1名の選手を対象とし、行動再検証により実施した。インタビューデータを分析した結果、優れた指導者の身体知指導方略の要素として、「認知特性の把握」、「動作イメージ形成の促進」の2つのカテゴリーが形成された。最終的に、優れた指導者は選手の身体組成や動きの違いだけではなく、動感に対する気づき方等の認知特性を理解した上で多様なイメージを提示することで選手の形態化身体知を活性化させ、動作のコツを習得させていることが明らかになった。

Physical tacit knowledge is an important topic, when we research motor learning. But there are a few studies that clarified physical tacit knowledge in motor learning. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate expert coaches' strategy for physical tacit knowledge during baseball pitching training. Three expert coaches and a player served as the participants for this study. 30 training sessions where coaches instructed players in physical tacit knowledge of baseball pitching skills were observed and recorded. Stimulated recall was used to gather data from each coach every training session. The interview data was regrouped using an inductive procedure for analyzing unstructured qualitative data (Cote, 1993). Results showed that expert baseball coach tried to comprehend players' body experience and instructed them in coach's internal imagery by figurative languages which brought out some kinesthetic sensitivities which were essential for skill acquisition. As a result, players could comprehend physical tacit knowledge by which he/she linked some kinesthetic sensitivities they had already experienced. And it was most important coaches' work to make players sensitive their kinesthetic sensitivities during training. Expert coaches gave players the reference so that players could pay attention to their kinesthetic sensitivities. The reference allowed players adjusting their performance to internal imagery consisted of some kinesthetic sensitivities.

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収録刊行物

  • 教育情報学研究

    教育情報学研究 (5), 91-99, 2007-03

    東北大学大学院教育情報学研究部

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