Verbal Encouragements for Motivating EFL Learners : A Classroom Research

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This paper presents the results of an empirical study examining the encouragements used by teachers in EFL classes. To find out the actual use of encouragements, the authors first adopted the following two steps : 1) classroom video-observations of verbal encouragements by teachers in schools ranging from elementary to university level ; and 2) a questionnaire survey to obtain students' attitudes and preferences toward encouragements. The frequency data shows that elementary school teachers tend to give more encouragements than those at other schools. Also, high school teachers are liable to provide fewer encouragements. Apart from teachers in junior high, teachers in senior high school and university directed more encouragements at individuals than at the whole class. In addition, huge differences between teachers' use and students' preferences of encouragements are found.

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