Latent Heat Simulation Model of the Generation of Clouds over an Isolated Mountain

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A simulation model with the latent heat to observe the formation of clouds by the wind blowing over a mountain is proposed in this study. The flow is assumed to stably stratifying. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations together with the advection equation of density are chosen for the basic equations. These equations are solved numerically by the standard MAC method. Third order upwind difference is employed for the approximation of the nonlinear terms of the Navier-Stokes equation. Particles of finite number are used to express the clouds. At first, each particle has its own temperature and humidity and is moved according to the velocity of the flow field. The latent heat is integrated into the equation through the position of particle. When the humidity becomes 100%, the particle is assumed to become a small cloud and is displayed. The effect of the latent heat is examined and compared to the result of the simulation without the latent heat [1].

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