「呉嘉禾六（二三七）年四月　都市史唐玉白收送中外估具錢事」試釈

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  • An Essay on “Jia-He 6nian 4yue Dushishi Tang-Yu Bai Shousong Zhongwai-Gujuqian Shi”
  • 「 ゴカカロク(ニサンナナ)ネン シガツ トシシ トウギョク ハクシュウソウチュウガイコグセン ジ 」 シシャク

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This article examines a wooden document entitled "Jiahe Liunian Siyue Dushishi Tangyu Bai Shousong Zhongwai-Gujuqian Shi" 嘉禾六年四月都市史唐玉白収送中外估具錢事, which is contained in volume four of the collection Changsha-Zoumalou Sanguo-Wujian Zhujian 長沙走馬楼三国呉簡竹簡 and concerns the private slave trade and the collection of the tax levied upon it called zhongwai-gujuqian 中外估具錢. The document, which was excavated from a well amongst a bundle of bamboo documents containing the names of buyers and sellers of slaves, the names and gender of each slave, the prices paid and the amounts of zhongwai-gujuqian levied, suggesting that the wooden document was attached as either an invoice or a report on the bundle. Zhongwai-gujuqian was a prototype of gu 估, which was levied on the sale of slaves, domestic animals, and land in Jiangnan 江南 District during the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties Periods. During the Wu Period privately owned slaves were registered on their owners' household registers and could be traded like other assets. Upon learning the transaction the local public authority would levy a tax (zhongwai-gujuqian) on the sale price. Although the tax burden on the sale of slaves was heavier than that of other taxes, both lower level civil servants and commoners alike owned slaves and frequently trafficked in them. The document in question was a official document transmitted from the lower to the higher ranks of the bureaucracy, in this case from the Dushishi 都市史 in charge of collecting zhongwai-gtljuqian to the Jincao 金曹 of Linxiang-Houguo 臨湘侯国. While this document does not contain the traditional subservient expression "gan yan zhi"敢言之 (I humbly dare to report) is not used, we do find a similar expression "bai"白, since during the period in question "gan yan zhi" was used in official documents sent between different public offices, while in the same offices "bai'' was widely used instead. Finally, as to the reason why this wooden document was included in a bundle of bamboo lists, the author surmises that the Jincao, where it was to be kept, sent it to the Hucao 戸曹 together with the bamboo lists, because it was the duty of the Hucao to trace the transfer of ownership of slaves through each sales transaction. After ascertaining the information, the Hucao then disposed of all the documents.

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  • 東洋学報

    東洋学報 95 (1), 33-58, 2013-06

    東洋文庫

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