内容分析とは何か : 内容分析の歴史と方法について

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  • ナイヨウ ブンセキ トワ ナニカ ナイヨウ ブンセキ ノ レキシ ト ホウホウ ニ ツイテ
  • What is Content Analysis? : On the History and the Method of Content Analysis

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Qualitative and quantitative research design models present the nurse researcher with complex issues to sort through before research can be started. Content analysis is a linguistic, systematic and replicable technique for compressing many words and sentences of text into fewer content categories based on explicit rules of coding. Content analysis is a hybrid (mixed or multi-method) research approach which contains both qualitative and quantitative research. In contrast with qualitative methods such as grounded theory, content analysis allows inferences to be made which can then be corroborated using other methods of data collection. This method employs various state-of-the-art fields such as linguistics, information science and social science. Krippendorff, who is a professor at Pennsylvania University, notes that computer-driven content analysis tools such as Wincha ( morphological analysis software ) and KWIC Finder have been motivated by the search for techniques and skills for making inferences from symbolic data that would be either too costly, no longer possible, or too obtrusive by the use of other techniques. Therefore, content analysis appears to be promising for nurses to discover and describe the topic focus of individuals (especially patients), interest groups, institutions and societies. This methodology, which arose from the analysis of anthems, enhances research quality across a broad spectrum of professional fields. In particular, computer utilization offers a realistic coupling of quantitative research with qualitative research in the field of nursing. In Japan, the development of content analysis is now being conducted by nursing researchers. By introducing computer analysis into conventional and qualitative research methods, word-level analysis becomes a practical tool. Such analysis offers the power to produce objective, quantitative displays enabling the researcher to categorize the content of interviews. Furthermore, content analysis makes possible generalizations about critical components of the relationship between nurses and patients within a reasonable time frame. This paper will present the method of the content analysis, its history, and specific analytical procedures involved in computer utilization. Experience with content analysis suggests that this method has the potential to contribute greatly to nursing research in the near future.

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