中国国有企業改革の方向に関する一考察 : Yu Li and MA Jun, "Corporate Governance and SOEs Reform In China" を中心に

This paper aims to consider the direction of China's SOEs (State-Owned Enterprises) Reform. Chinese Government has wrestled with the reform of SOEs as one of the most important tasks. According to Official Statistics, about one-third of the SOEs were operating at a loss. Unemployment due to increasing number of SOEs going out of business has become the top concern of policy makers. 　Under this circumstance, many reports, papers, and proposals concerning with reform of SOEs have been made public up to the present. In these research materials, research report "Corporate Governance and SOEs Reform in China" is much valuable work, including research achievements on rationales of SOEs, policy environment of three types of SOEs, corporate governance of SOEs and legal frameworks for three types of SOEs and so on. This research report was written during June 1997 and June 1998 by Dr. Yu Li , Professor and Director of MBA Center, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics and by Dr. MA Jun, Economist,International Monetary Fund. 　I clarified in this paper the possible ways of China's SOEs reform by introducing the above research report and analyzing the contents precisely. 　This paper is composed with six chapters. Chapter 1, titled "Movement and Wrestle of SOEs Reform in China" describes the recent movement of policy and wrestle of Chinese Government in SOEs Reform. Chapter 2, titled "Classification of SOEs and their, Dual Objectives" stresses the necessity of classification and dual objectives of SOEs. Chapter 3, titled "Rationales of SOEs" discusses the rationales for three types of SOEs. Chapter 4, titled "Policy Environment of Three Types of SOEs" looks, at the different features of policy environment applied to different types of SOEs. Chapter 5, titled "Corporate Governance of the Types of SOEs" analyzes the corporate governance structures for these types of SOEs. Chapter 6, titled "Legal Frameworks for Three Types of SOEs" studies the legal frameworks appropriate for these types of SOEs. Finally, the conclusion will be presented. \n　国有企業の改革は、中国政府にとって最重要課題の1つである。国有企業は3分の1以上が負債をかかえており、かつその負債額の合計は巨額である。1998年3月に朱容基首相は「3年以内に大半の大型国有企業を苦境から脱皮させる」と宣言したが、その改革は一方で失業の増大等社会不安を引き起こし、1999年9月27日に発表された「国有企業改革と発展の若干の重要問題に関する中国共産党中央委員会の決定」では努力目標に置き換えられ、2010年までに国有企業の改革と再編成を行うというようにその解決が先延ばしされた。 　このような国有企業の改革が揺れ動く状況下で、国有企業改革に関する議論や提案が多くなされているが、その中でYu Li and MA Jun, "Corporate Governance and SOEs Reform in China"は従来の国有企業のとらえ方の不合理性を指摘し、国有企業を類型化し、その類型毎に国有企業の改革とその企業統治のあり方を提案する極めて貴重な研究報告といえる。 　そこで、本稿は、上記研究報告を紹介し、その内容を検討しながら中国国有企業改革の方向について考察を行った。