On the Concept and Measurement of "Psychological Androgyny": A Literature Review

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  • 「心理的両性具有」の概念および測定法に関する文献展望
  • 「 シンリテキ リョウセイ グユウ 」 ノ ガイネン オヨビ ソクテイホウ ニ カンスル ブンケン テンボウ

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The concept of psychological androgyny, i.e., being in possession of both masculine and feminine personality traits, is important to understand individuals' ways of living in the modern era where there is recognition of sexual diversity. Jungian psychology emphasizes the inner process of individuals, including: 1) differentiation of masculinity and femininity; 2) repression of masculine or feminine nature based on social expectations; and 3) acceptance of one's own traits regardless of gender. On the other hand, empirical research has treated psychological androgyny simply as a state of possessing high levels of both masculinity and femininity, and has ignored individual differences in the internal frameworks that define masculinity and femininity. Consequently, such research falls short when testing hypotheses based on such a restrictive definition of androgyny. Future research on psychological androgyny would require the establishment of a method for measurement of psychological androgyny reflecting its paradoxical nature; the differentiation and possession of both masculine and feminine psychological traits.

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