A Study on the Context behind the Birth of Buddha Images at Mathura: Focusing on the Cult of Divine Images at Mathura

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  • マトゥラーにおける仏像誕生の情況について -マトゥラーの神像崇拝をめぐって-

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This paper aims at reporting on the context behind the birth of Buddha Images at Mathura with focusing on the cult of divine images at Mathura. In Ancient India, the images of Buddha(Sakyamuni) emerged at Gandhara and Mathura under the dynasty of Kushan. Both images had different styles: Gandharan images with western looking and Mathura images with traditional Ancient Indian looking. What is the differences of each style, the Buddha images at Gandhara & Mathura? In this paper, at first we pay attention into the religious situations of Mathura, where the first Buddha images emerged within India proper. With except Buddhism, the religious situations at Mathura are mainly divined into three: folk cults (Yaksa, Naga and Panca Vira etc.), Hinduism and Jainism. We examine each religious situation under the dynasty of Kushan at Mathura to reflect on the acceptance of the Buddha images at Mathura, especially Mathura Buddha images labeled as“Bodhisattva”in the votive inspection. Through catching the religious situations at Mathura, we would like to reconsider the meaning of label as“Bodhisattva”,trying to clarify the context behind the birth of the Buddha Images at Marhura under the Kushan Dynasty.

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