構造デュルケームか文化デュルケームか :デュルケーム社会学の理論的問題

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  • コウゾウ デュルケーム カ ブンカ デュルケーム カ : デュルケーム シャカイガク ノ リロンテキ モンダイ
  • Structural Durkheim or Cultural Durkheim: Around Durkheim's Sociology

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This paper attempts to examine opposition or contrast between “Structural Durkheim" and “Cultural Durkheim," as one of ground rules or codes for interpreting and identifying a real Durkheim, presented by Smith and Alexander. First, the validity of code or interpretative type: Structural Durkheim is discussed by scrutinizing Durkheim's early main texts. Durkheim's concept of “social structure" may be viewed in four dimensions: (1) Crystallization – Fluidization, (2) Ideal – Material, (3) Value – Interests, (4) explanans – explanandum. From the first dimension emerges “social structure" viewed as “crystallization of the life (la vie)," from the second, “social structure" as “ideational or cognitive structure (=cognitive culture)," from the third, “social structure" as “value structure (=normative culture)," from the fourth, “social structure" as “explanatory factor (=symbolic culture)." Secondly, the validity of code or interpretative type: Cultural Durkheim is discussed by examining Durkheim's The Elementary Forms considered as the roots of a newly cultural sociology. Durkheim's concept of religion as the most important sociocultural phenomenon seems to be related to symbolism. Two types of symbolism will be distinguished: (1) symbolism as expression, (2) symbolism as signification. The former symbolism is only a medium or means for expressing and crystallizing a fluid real experience as “effervescence collective." The latter symbolism constructs the meaning of the sacred from collective effervescence. Also, symbolism as signification could be contained in the “effervescence collective" as pensée collective (collective thought). From the above discussions it follows that we must regard Durkheim's concept of “structure" as close to the cultural, and, his concept of “culture" as close to the structural. That is, in Durkheim, structure and culture are not oppositional or contrastive, but two complementary aspects of sociocultural phenomena.

Journal

  • 社会学論集

    社会学論集 21 1-17, 2014-03-01

    奈良女子大学社会学研究会

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