2歳前後における受動的体験から能動的体験への変換

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  • Conversion from Possive to Active Experience

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At what age can infants convert passive experience into active experience? This study examined this“ passive–active conversion" in infants. Nineteen infants (younger than two years old group, mean: 18.5 months; older than two years old group, mean: 25.6 months) were tested on gesture tasks and tasks with objects. The infants in the younger than two years old group had more difficulty in the tasks with objects than those in the older than two years old group. However, gesture tasks were difficult for the latter group. There is difficulty in converting passive experience to active experience for children around two years old. The findings also revealed that one-year-olds have the ability to recognize themselves and their similarities with others. Between the ages of one and two, the observed children were able to understand the relation between themselves and others. With regard to passive–active conversion, recognizing oneself in relation to others was discussed to facilitate a deep understanding of how the “intentionality of oneself and others intersects." Thus, discussing these results in consideration of the role reversal imitation described by Tomasello (1999) and Kawada (2011) is necessary.

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