Researches for development of the cultivation of 'matsutake', a prized mushroom produced by the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Tricholoma matsutake

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  • マツタケ人工栽培技術開発に向けた研究
  • マツタケ ジンコウ サイバイ ギジュツ カイハツ ニ ムケタ ケンキュウ

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'Matsutake' (Tricholoma matsutake) is one of the most economically important edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms in the world. Fruit bodies of T. matsutake develop on shiros which are mycelial aggregations in association with mycorrhizal roots and soil particles in well-drained and nutrient-poor forest soil. In spite of many attempts to cultivate 'matsutake', none has succeeded. Therefore, commercial demand is met by harvesting fruit bodies that grow in ectomycorrhizal coniferous forests, mainly under Pinus densiflora trees, In the early 1940s about 12,000 tons of 'matsutake' were harvested in Japan, but production has since drastically decreased to less than 100 tons per year. Possible causes are pine wilt disease and modern forestry management practices, which might have damaged the symbiotic association between T. matsutake and pine trees. Recently, T. matsutake and its allied species were specified by the application of new techniques of molecular biology, which enabled to specify the origins of Asian 'matsukakes', and to clarify mosaic structures of shiro. Furthermore, researches on the mycorrhizal association between T. matsutake and pine trees have been advanced. In this paper I described researches on T. matsutake, to prepare the information necessary for improving the production of 'matsutake' in pine forests and establishing an artificial cultivation system.

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