Co-incorporation effects of O and Na with CuInS2 thin films

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By using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy we have examined changes in the electronic structure of CuInS2 thin films with co-incorporation of O and Na that raised up the photovoltaic performance of CdS/CuInS2 solar cells. The electron binding energies of both the core levels and valence band for the film with the co-incorporation were smaller by 0.9 eV than those for the film without the co-incorporation. For the co-incorporated film an increase in the spectral intensity of the valence band was observed below 1-6 eV from the Cu 3d(10) nonbonding states, and it was due to both the Na s, p-S p hybridization and the In s-Op hybridization. The surface of the co-incorporated film can be expressed as (Cu, Na)In(S, O)(2). The (Cu, Na)In(S, O)(2) phase is related to the enlarged open-circuit voltage (0.75 eV) of n-CdS/p-CuInS2 solar cells. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics.

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