自伝的精緻化と意味的精緻化における分散効果

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  • ジデンテキ セイチカ ト イミテキ セイチカ ニ オケル ブンサン コウカ
  • Spacing Effects in Autobiographical and Semantic Elaborations

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The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of combinations of autobiographical elaboration and semantic elaboration on the incidental memory of sentences as a function of type of presentation（spaced vs. massed）. All sentences as target information were presented twice in involving two types of elaborations: autobiographical and semantic elaborations, followed by an unexpected free recall test. In the condition of autobiographical elaboration the subjects were asked to rate the vividness of image on an episode that each target sentence reminded it of. In the condition of sematic elaboration they were asked to rate the possibility of cause for the episode that each sentence described. The spaced presentation led to better recall than the massed presentation in autobiographical elaboration, but this superiority of the spaced to the massed presentation, namely spacing effect, was not observed in semantic elaboration. In Experiment II, an orienting task involved three types of combination of elaboration: semantic and semantic, semantic and autobiographical, and autobiographical and autobiographical elaborations. The spacing effect was observed only in the combination of autobiographical and autobiographical elaborations. According to the encoding variablity hypothesis, these results indicated that the encoding variablity of each target sentence was facilitated by the space presentation, and that this facilitation was more apparent in autobiographical elaboration. In Experiment III, the subjects in the vividness rating group were asked to rate the vividness of image on an episode that each target sentence reminded it of, whereas those in the plesantness rating groups were asked to rate the pleasantness of an episode on each one. Although the spacing effects were observed in both groups, there was no difference of the size of spacing effect between the two groups. These results were interpreted as showing no difference of the encoding variability of target sentences between the vividness and the plesantness rating groups.

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