Wanderings of Spainish Atlantic Squadron in the Spanish-American War

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  • 米西戦争におけるスペイン大西洋艦隊の迷走(1)
  • ベイセイ センソウ ニオケル スペイン タイセイヨウ カンタイ ノ メイソウ (1)

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The Spanish-American War started on April 23rd ,1898 and ended on August 12th of the same year, resulting in Spain being defeated. The defeat of this war gave Spain the "disaster of 1898", leaving it much to be reformed,and at the same time accelerated international disintegration of the Old World, the framework of which had been deteriorating since the early 19th century. On July 3rd ,1898 the Spanish Squadron was destroyed by the American Fleet off Sanchago de Cuba. The outcome at Sanchago de Cuba converted general trends of the war to be more favorable to the United States, and Spainﾕs attitude clearly took a different turn from then on. Spain inaugurated the quest for peace behind the scenes. This article attempts to investigate conditions of the so called the "disaster of 1898" of Spain by analyzing the mutual telegraphic communications between the Naval Ministry of Spain and admiral Cervera, commander in chief of the Spanish Squadron. The squadron set sail on April 7th,1898 from Cadiz for Puerto Rico, and was destroyed in the sea engagement off Sanchago de Cuba. With a good understanding of details of the "disaster of 1898", which would indicate how Spain was then, we will study its cause and effect in a context of Spainﾕs own history as well as in the historical context of international order. There are two collections of telegraphic communications. One is of Cervera's redaction, and the other is of the Naval Ministry of Spain. We will use mainly the former, and secondarily the latter in order to check if the Cervera's collection might include his political bias because he was well known before the war for his viewpoints in opposition to possible confrontation with the United States.

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