再考・小田実とベ平連 : ベ平連への参加と「難死」の思想・「加害」の論理

1965年4月に発足したベ平連（ベトナムに平和を！市民連合）は，戦後日本における市民運動としての反戦平和運動の展開のなかで大きな役割を果たした。このベ平連の運動を牽引した知識人が，ベ平連の「代表」となった小田実だった。これまでのベ平連研究のなかでも小田の思想と行動はしばしばとり上げられてきたものの，彼がベ平連に参入した経緯や，難死の思想や加害の論理という小田の思想の形成のプロセスについては，依然として未検討の部分が残されている。本稿では，企画展「『1968年』無数の問いの噴出の時代」に提供された資料のなかのいくつかも利用して，ベ平連に参入するまでの小田の行動の軌跡，ベ平連発足時の小田起用の背景，難死の思想と加害の論理の形成のプロセスや両者の関係といった問題を検討する。このような問題意識の下に，本稿ではまず小田の世代的な特徴（「満州事変の頃」に生まれた世代）に着目したうえで，この世代特有の経験と結びつきながら難死の思想がどのように形成されたのか，その軌跡を明らかにする。次に，ベ平連発足に際しての小田の起用について，小熊英二や竹内洋に代表される従来の説明を検討し，ベ平連の代表として「小田実か石原慎太郎か」という選択肢は存在しなかったこと，60年代前半の小田の言論活動の軌跡は戦闘的リベラルに近づく軌跡であり，ベ平連に結集した知識人のなかでの小田に対する一定の評価が存在していたこと，などを明らかにする。さらに，これまで1966年の日米市民会議と結びつけて説明されてきた小田の加害の論理について検討する。実は，加害の論理はベ平連参加以前の段階で小田の問題意識のなかに存在していたが，むしろ回答困難な課題と小田は捉えていたこと，この問題に小田が積極的に向き合うきっかけとなったのが沖縄訪問での経験であったこと，そして加害の論理は当時の小田特有の考え方というよりも，当時の運動のなかで練り上げられていったものであったこと，などを明らかにする。

Established in April 1965, the Beheiren (peace for Vietnam! civil coalition) played a significant role as a civil movement in the development of the anti-war peace movement in post-war Japan. The intellectual, Makoto Oda, led the group as Beherein's "representative."Although the ideology and actions of Makoto Oda have often been discussed in previous studies of the Beheiren, some aspects still remain unexamined including the details of his participation in the Beheiren and the process of the formulation of his ideas such as meaningless death, and the logic of self as aggressor. The author of this paper use some documents from the exhibition, "1968: A Period of Eruption of Countless Questions," to consider certain issues such as the course of Oda Makoto's actions up to the time he joined the Beheiren, the background to Makoto Oda's appointment when Beheiren was established, the process of formulation of the ideology of meaningless death and the logic of self as aggressor, and the relationship between these two.Given this outline, the author focuses initially on the characteristics of Makoto Oda's generation (the generation born around the time of the "Manchurian Incident") and identifies the course of formation of his ideology of meaningless death while linking it to the experiences unique to this generation. Next, the author examines previous explanations by Eiji Oguma and Yo Takeuchi with regard to the appointment of Makoto Oda when the Beheiren was established, and clarifies the following facts: the option of selecting either Makoto Oda or Shintaro Ishihara as the representative of the Beheiren did not exist; the course of Makoto Oda's discursive activities in the early 1960s was the line of thought espoused by militant liberals; and there was a measure of legitimacy for Makoto Oda among the intellectuals who belonged to the Beheiren.Further, Makoto Oda's logic of self as aggressor is examined. This notion has been explained so far in connection with the 1966 Japan-U.S. Citizens' Conference. Actually, the logic of violence existed in Oda's awareness of issues prior to his participation in the Beheiren. However, the present study elucidates the fact that Makoto Oda had grasped that the problem was quite complicated, that the experience of visiting Okinawa prompted him to actively confront this issue, and that the logic of self as aggressor was an idea formulated within the context of the movements that occurred at that time rather than being an conception that was unique to Makoto Oda.

source:https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/outline/publication/ronbun/ronbun9/index.html#no216