補助翼及び昇降舵の効き測定實驗報告

本報告の内容は、飛行中の飛行機の操舵とこれに應ずる飛行機の反應運動とを記録する裝置の説明と、この裝置によつて測定した結果、及び測定結果に對する簡單な考察とよりなる。

Introductory (Object of Investigation). -Quite a number of reports on the effectiveness of the control surfaces of an aeroplane have recently been published, most of which, however, are theoretical, only a few of them being experimental in character, thus leaving much to be desired in the way of accurate measurements. The object of the work described here was to check the soundness of the theoretical results in the light of flight experiments, only the first half, namely, the experimental part, being given in this report. The result of further theoretical investigations will follow in due course. Range of Investigation. -An instrument was des: gned to record on a running bromide paper the angular motion of an aeroplane together with that of a control surface. (This recorder is described at the end of this abstract.) The effectiveness of the aileron and the elevator of a single seater biplane of 1,500kg total weight was measured with this instrument. Conclusions. - (1) The effectiveness of the aileron of the above mentioned aeroplane was measured and found to be 3.98 (1/s) at a flight velocity of 201km/h., both for the right and left rolls. (2) Tho effectiveness is about 2.4 times that of a flying boat of 6,500kg total weight, which was measured four years ago when the recorder was first made. (3) The effectiveness of the elevator is 2.62 (1/s.) at a velocity of 190km/h., which is 8% greater than that of the Junkers A-35 (total weight 1,300～1,400kg). (4) The effectiveness of both aileron and elevator for a large rudder angle (5°～15°) is about 18% less than for a small rudder angle (smaller than 5°). The ratio between the small angle effectiveness and the large angle one for the flying boat is exactly the same. (5) The effectiveness measureed at the instant of aileron (or elevator) actuation in the opposite direction in order to recover from the constant rolling (or pitching) motion due to the initial aileron (or elevator) actuation is about the same as the usual effectiveness measured at the start of the initial rolling (or pitching) motion. (6) The effectiveness of the aileron measured at the beginning of the turning manoeuvre is also the same as the usual effectiveness measured in a horizontal straight-line flight. (7) In agreement with the theoretical result, the effectiveness of both aileron and elevator is directly proportional to the flight velocity. (8) Due to the play and the deformation in cable and pulley control mechanism, the acutual rudder angle is 30% smaller for the aileron (of the single seater and of the flying boat) and 20% smaller for the elevator (of the single seater) than what would be expected from the geometrical relations of the control system. (9) For also the same reason, in actual flight the ailerons of both the single seater and of the flying boat act as differential ailerons, the ratio (up aileron):(down aileron) being (10:8)～(10:7). (10) For the single seater biplane, the time lag between the motion of the control stick and that of the aileron (or elevator) is negligible. Description of the recorder. -The recorder, which is fitted to the aeroplane for measuring the effectiveness of control surfaces, works on the principle of a pin-hole camera. The image of the sun on the running bromide paper records the angular motion about one axis of the aeroplane. The time is marked with the tunning fork (73.5/s.), the sun's rays through the pin-hole being interrupted by the same tuning fork, which is indispensable for eliminating the errors introduced by the complex angular motion of the aeroplane. The angular motion of the control surface is directly recorded by light reflected from a small concave mirror (or ball) fixed to the rudder surface. The motion of the control stick is also recorded by a light source in the camera, the last-named being connected with the control stick by means of piano wire. The difference between the two gives the time lag as well as the play and deformation in the control system. The round switch board is strapped to the upper leg of the pilot, and during one turn of a small handle on the dial, one measurement of the effectiveness is conveniently made. The weight of the recorder, including two 6 Volt storage batteries, is about 40kg.

資料番号: SA4146480000