山頭火 : 俳句にみる生と死の表現

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  • Santōka（山頭火）:Expression of Life and Death Seen in Haiku
  • サントウ カ : ハイク ニ ミル ナマ ト シ ノ ヒョウゲン

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Santoka Taneda（種田山頭火）was a haiku poet of the Taisho period and the early Showa period. After becoming a Buddhist priest, Santoka set out on journeys in which he wandered aimlessly and became a drunkard, which caused a great deal of trouble. In this study, from a psychological perspective, the underlying reasons that made him a wanderer and in what ways his wanderings influenced his haiku creations are investigated. This is done through examining his diary, letters, and haiku poetry to gain insight on his life. Santoka’s life was a never-ending repetition of wandering and resettlement. Such a state can easily be explained by him having the disposition of the Trickster. A person who has this disposition continues to vacillate between drifting and settling down and is swayed by his greed without having any moral or social values. However, for some reason, Santoka was accepted and sheltered by the people around him. Furthermore, his unique actions helped him create original haiku poems that only he could produce. If one adopts the view that Santoka might have had a neurodevelopmental disorder such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), one can understand more clearly many aspects of his previously incomprehensible and repetitive life. He could have been tormented by this affliction but somehow continued to live in society. ADHD is believed to be something in which the pain of not having Henderson’s (1995) puer aeternus (eternal youth) is considered the essence of life. Santoka may have experienced a great deal of anguish related to being unable to escape from this eternal regression. Subsequently, he expressed his anguish in haiku poetry.

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