新・学歴重視主義の構図 : 大学卒の定期採用人事の実態についての考察

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  • シン ガクレキ ジュウシ シュギ ノ コウズ ダイガクソツ ノ テイキ サイヨ
  • New Pattern of Diplomaism in Post-industrial JAPAN

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脱工業化，ソフト化，グローバリゼーション。企業を取り巻く環境の変化は著しい。これらの変化が企業の管理体制や人事戦略の見直しや再編を必然化する。このことに対応して当然人材に対するニーズや期待も変わらざるを得ない。いま，企業や組織はどのような人材を求め，人材に何を期待しているのだろうか，また必要な人材をどのようにして獲得しているのであろうか。この簡単な疑問に本稿は答えようとしている。日本の伝統的な人事の慣行は，年功序列と終身雇用を軸にして制度化され，これを支える基幹要因として独特の学歴主義を導入してきた。この伝統が，労働力市場の新たな展開とそれへの要求のなかで，どのように変貌を遂げるのか興味深い。本稿は特に学歴重視主義や学歴階層制の実相，期待される人材観と学歴主義との連関を実証的に吟味しつつ，新しい学歴主義の実態を解明することに焦点を絞っている。

This study has two distinct though interrelated purposes. The first is to specify the contemporary tendencies of practical interests and/or requirements regarding the regular recruitment on university graduates. In brief, it is to search for the image of the ideal employee in Japanese bussiness world. the second is to present and analyze some existing data with a view to demonstrating the actual state of diplomasim upon the employment of graduates. The data which I utilized are "DAIGAKUBETSU SHŪSHOKUSAKI SHIRABE 1990" which was originally collected for other purposes by the Recruit Circle. My study is one such secondary analysis. It has been pointed out that research concerning seniority, diplomaism and life time employment was basic to an understanding of the Japanese practices of personnel administration. My attention here is focused on diplomaism. According to my analysis of this phenomenon, management tends to intensify diplomaism under the veil of meritocracy. Special attention should be paid to the fact that the employment opportunities for graduates depend on which university they gradudted from rather than on simply the school years. In other words. The chances for getting a job with a big name company are profoundly affected by whether or not the graduate is from the right school. In the conclusion of this analysis, it is pointed out that a new pattern of diplomaism is in the process of developing along with the progress of post-industrialization and the globalization of management.

橋本真教授退職記念号

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