Is Junior High School Studentsʼ Use of Shadow Education an Educational Investment Strategy or a Daily Necessity? : Analysis of Parent-child Pair Data

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  • 中学生の学校外教育利用は教育投資戦略か生活必需品か？ : 親子ペアデータの分析から
  • チュウガクセイ ノ ガッコウ ガイキョウイク リヨウ ワ キョウイク トウシ センリャク カ セイカツ ヒツジュヒン カ? : オヤコ ペアデータ ノ ブンセキ カラ

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Although the use of shadow education has been positioned as an educational investment strategy for children, mainly in the sociology of education, recent discussions of relative poverty and child poverty suggest that it is also a necessity for daily life. However, much of the previous research has discussed shadow education only in the context of educational investment strategies and poverty studies, respectively. In this paper, we analyze data from a questionnaire survey of parents with middle school children conducted in 2019 and matched with eighthgrade academic scores. The results revealed that（1）middle school studentsʼ use of shadow education is divided into two aspects: “educational investment strategy” and “necessities of life,” and（2）academic performance of children from families with poverty as a reason remains low. Having been able to present such evidence, this paper will have significance as a basic resource for examining the need for out-of-school education vouchers.

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