Data colonialism: a contemporary manifestation of old practices or an old fashioned term for a contemporary phenomenon?

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Data technology advancements are transforming how we live, interact, and operate as human beings. While bringing beneficial solutions for various areas, these advancements also bring problems. They have been linked to privacy threats, increased social inequalities, and the potential to erode political systems. Many authors associate these issues with colonial elements manifested within the transformation of every aspect of life in digital data, naming this phenomenon "data colonialism.” Achieving a sustainable future of peace and prosperity is not possible if colonial elements still permeate and hinder the development of people's lives. With this in mind, this research examines how historical colonial elements manifest in the new data technology realm and investigates if colonialism is a valid framework to describe and explain the presence of these elements in current times. By creating a set of criteria to identify colonial elements deemed essential to characterize colonialism and translating them to present times, this study provides a conceptual framework to analyze the current manifestation of colonial elements and a tool for evaluating the colonialism framework. From the analysis of two case studies, surveillance and epistemology, this research demonstrates that despite not denying the presence of colonial elements in the expansion of data technology, the colonialism framework is not suitable to describe and explain them. Considering the topic's relevance for all aspects of life, more studies are necessary to understand the harmful outcomes of data technology expansion, including new theoretical frameworks to describe and explain them.

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