Significant increase in graupel and lightning occurrence in a warmer climate simulated by prognostic graupel parameterization
抄録
There is little consensus among global climate models (CGMs) regarding the response of lightning flash rates to past and future climate change, largely due to graupel not being included in models. Here a two-moment prognostic graupel scheme was incorporated into the MIROC6 GCM and applied in three experiments involving pre-industrial aerosol, present-day, and future warming simulations. The new microphysics scheme performed well in reproducing global distributions of graupel, convective available potential energy, and lightning flash rate against satellite retrievals and reanalysis datasets. The global mean lightning rate increased by 7.1% from the pre-industrial period to the present day, which was attributed to increased graupel occurrence. The impact of future warming on lightning activity was more evident, with the rate increasing by 18.4%K-1 through synergistic contributions of destabilization and increased graupel. In the Arctic, the lightning rate depends strongly on the seasonality of graupel, emphasizing the need to incorporate graupel into GCMs for more accurate climate prediction.
収録刊行物
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- Scientific Reports
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Scientific Reports 14 (1), 3862-, 2024-02-16
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詳細情報 詳細情報について
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- CRID
- 1050018120835432960
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- ISSN
- 20452322
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- 本文言語コード
- en
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- 資料種別
- journal article
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- データソース種別
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- IRDB