Characteristics of Electrode for Electric Double Layer Capacitor Made of Carbonized and Activated Cotton Cloth

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The electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) electrode is made of carbonized and activated organic materials. In this study, material surface and electrical characteristics of carbon materials produced from low cost organic materials were examined. First, a cotton cloth has been carbonized and activated, and optimal times and temperatures of carbonization and activation processing were examined. And, surface area, pore volume and pore size distributions were analyzed. Second, activated carbons were applied to the electrodes of EDLC. Two kinds of EDLC cell, which were small area cell (2cm X 2cm) and large area cell (15cm X 10cm), were assembled. The capacitances and internal resistances of the assembled EDLC cell were evaluated by charge and discharge circuit using constant voltage source. And, the charge and discharge cycle test was performed on these assembled EDLC cells. As a result, specific surface area of the activated carbon processed for 0.5-1 hour at 450-600°C in the carbonization and 1-2 hour at 700-1000°C in the activation was the largest in prepared conditions. Therefore, EDLC cells using the activated carbon with large surface area of 1300㎡/g have shown the high density of capacitance IF/cm2. The internal resistances of both cells were less than 1n. It is also found that the activated carbon shows almost the same density of capacitance, internal resistance and no deterioration in the charge and discharge cycle test. It was clearly understood that the activated carbon made of cotton cloth has a large surface area and a low internal resistance which contribute to the low cost electrode of an EDLC.

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