マタニティハラスメント被害の状況と妊婦の心身の自覚症状の変化

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  • マタニティハラスメント ヒガイ ノ ジョウキョウ ト ニンプ ノ シンシン ノ ジカク ショウジョウ ノ ヘンカ
  • Details of Maternity Harassment Damage and Changes in the Subjective Symptoms of Pregnant Women Due to Maternity Harassment Damage

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説明

【目的】本研究の目的は、妊娠中の就労女性が受けたマタニティハラスメント(以下、マタハラ)被害の状況と、マタハラ被害に伴う妊婦の心身の自覚症状の変化を明らかにすることである。【方法】妊娠中に就労しており、産後1か月健診に来院した女性172名を対象に無記名自記式質問紙調査を実施し、統計学的に分析した。【結果】妊娠中にマタハラ被害を受けた者は30名(17.4%)であった。マタハラ被害の状況は、居心地の悪い職場環境等の内容であり、妊娠初期に男性の上司からの被害が多かった。マタハラ被害前後の心身の自覚症状は、身体的症状では腹部の締めつけ感(p=0.002)、食欲減退感(p=0.005)、動悸(p=0.005)、易疲労感(p=0.001)、全身倦怠感(p=0.012)、心理的症状では抑うつ気分(p=0.002)、自己過少評価(p=0.000)、不満足感(p=0.000)、イライラ感(p=0.000)、無気力(p=0.002)であり、被害後に症状が増強し有意差を認めた。【結論】妊婦の心身の自覚症状は、重篤な合併症につながる恐れがあり、助産師はマタハラ被害の状況や妊婦の心身の自覚症状の変化を捉え、妊婦自身が心身の健康をコントロールできるよう支援することが求められる。

The value of the present study is that it provides an in-depth analysis of specific physical and psychological symptoms which are adversely affected in pregnant women by workplace harassment. An anonymous self-completed questionnaire survey was conducted involving females who had continued to work during pregnancy and visited hospitals to undergo a one-month postnatal examination, and data acquired from 172 respondents were statistically analyzed. Although there was no relationship between the backgrounds of working females and harassment, 30 females (17.4%) who complained of maternity harassment by male superiors had felt uncomfortable in their work environments during early pregnancy. After the females were harassed, subjective symptoms significantly worsened: “a sense of uterine constriction ” (p=0.002), “decreased appetite” (p=0.005), “palpitations” (p=0.005), “fatigability” (p=0.001), and “general malaise”(p=0.012), (physical symptoms); “depression” (p=0.002), “selfunderestimation” (p=0.000), “a sense of dissatisfaction” (p=0.000), “a sense of frustration” (p=0.000), and “apathy” (p=0.002) (psychological symptoms). Minor trouble and other undesirable subjective symptoms also worsened during pregnancy due to maternity harassment. Changes in the subjective symptoms of pregnant women can lead to serious complications. Therefore, midwives need to grasp the damage situation of maternity harassment of pregnant women and changes in subjective symptoms of mind and body. And, midwives are involved so that pregnant women can control their physical and mental health.

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