A Study of Cultivating Pupils' "Subjectivity" Researches in China after the Cultural Revolution

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  • 文革後中国における児童の「主体性」育成研究に関する考察
  • ブンカク ゴ チュウゴク ニ オケル ジドウ ノ シュタイセイ イクセイ ケンキュウ ニ カンスル コウサツ

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Since the end of the 1980s', researchers have focused on pupils' "Subjectivity" and started to dispute this issue in the educational research field in China. To understand the educational problems in China, it has become the most important point to understand how pupils' "Subjectivity" is discussed in the education research field at present. In this paper, to make development of disputes about pupils' "Subjectivity" from the end of the 1980s' clear, researchers' opinions on concepts and cultivation of pupils' "Subjectivity" from representative Chinese researchers were classified. Particularly the purposes and methods of pupils' "Subjectivity" cultivation were paid more attention in this study. By reviewing the dispute of pupils' "Subjectivity" firstly, we could find that researchers' researches emphasized on individual development in the past, but social adaptation and enhancing interaction among others are focused at present. Secondly, improving teachers' teaching methods was emphasized in the past, but improving pupils' learning methods is emphasized at present. Finally, there are some problems could be found. Firstly, pupils' independent consciousness is emphasized in the researchers' opinions, but the discussion in a concrete method of cultivating their independent abilities is not enough. Secondly, the discussion in the diversity of pupils' "Subjectivity" and the promotion method is not enough either.

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