Ground-level concentrations of volcanic SO2 at Miyakojima Island, Japan

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  • Ground-Level Concentrations of Volcnic SO2 at Miyakejima Island, Japan

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Miyakejima volcano violently erupted during the summer of 2000, initiating enormous ejections of volcanic sulphur dioxide (SO2) and forcing residents to evacuate the island. Residents have been able to return to their homes since February 2005, but high SO2 concentrations are still transported downwind from the vent to low-lying, populated coastal areas. This study investigates the occurrence of concentration events exceeding 1 ppm in such areas, focussing upon October 2005 as a case-study of highly changeable wind conditions. During this period, high concentration events fluctuated between the hazardous east and south-west zones over a matter of days, in response to strong westerly and north-easterly winds generated by alternating low and high pressure systems over mainland Japan. In addition, a Pacific typhoon directly to the south amplified north-easterly winds, causing abnormally high SO2 concentration measurements in the south-west. Results demonstrate a direct link between the occurrence of high SO2 concentrations at the roof of Miyakejima volcano, and the overall meteorological situation for the Izu islands area. Findings have important implications for hazard mitigation at degassing volcanoes, as everyday weather forecasts can be used as a useful educational tool, particularly at the onset of a new volcanic crisis or where little funding is available for expensive warning systems.

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