The Evolution of Occurrence of Nominative Particles in Relation to the Difference between Sino-Japanese and Native Japanese Verbs in Middle Japanese

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  • 動詞の語種からみた中世日本語における主格助詞表出の進行について
  • ドウシ ノ ゴシュ カラ ミタ チュウセイ ニホンゴ ニ オケル シュカク ジョシ ヒョウシュツ ノ シンコウ ニ ツイテ

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Theories of language change have been developed in recent years. They are modeled on the basis of language changes in English or other languages. In this paper I will verify some theories of language change based on the data of the development of nominative particle use in Middle Japanese. At the beginning of the change, the occurrence rates of the nominative particle differed according to the kinds of predicate verbs, depending on whether they were Japanese native verbs or Sino-Japanese verbs. I will show that the occurrence of the nominative particles in conjunction with Sino-Japanese verbs has increased along the line of the Frequency Linkage Effect (Tabor 1994). At the beginning of the changes the occurrence rates of the nominative particle differed according to the kinds of Sino-Japanese verbs, depending on whether they consisted of one Chinese character or two Chinese characters. But by the next early stage of the evolution, the difference has disappear. However the occurrence of the nominative particles in conjunction with Native Japanese has increased along the line of the Constant Rate Effect (Kroch 2001), which predicts that a rate of new language forms should increase at a constant rate. In the survey for this study I used Japanese commentaries on Chinese classics (Shômono).

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