事前処理による石炭クリーン化技術の開発

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  • ジ マエショリ ニ ヨル セキタン クリーンカ ギジュツ ノ カイハツ
  • Development of Coal Cleaning Technology by Pretreatments

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Removal of sulfur and ash-forming minerals from coal by pretreatment is one of the promising technologies not only to lower the damage of environment but also to accelerate the development of efficient coal utilization processes. Precise knowledge and kinetic evaluation of the dynamic behavior of sulfur forms under various heat-treatment conditions are necessary for the development and design for chemical coal cleaning processes. Analytical methods of sulfur forms, distribution of sulfur in macerals, dynamic behavior of sulfur during pyrolysis, alkali leaching for sulfur removal, and selective removal of thiols and thiophenes were discussed. The analytical method of sulfur forms by ASTM was improved to determine the inorganic sulfur in char produced in reduced atmosphere. X-ray adsorption near-edge structure (XANES) was applied to elucidate organic sulfur forms in coal. The extent of organic sulfur removal in the rapid pyrolysis did not correlate well with carbon content of raw coal. XANES indicated that low-density coal group contained sulfide and sulfoxide, which contribute to the high extent of organic sulfur removal. More than 90% of organic sulfur could be removed by a combined process of alkali treatment with rapid pyrolysis. PbO selectively adsorbed aliphatic and aromatic thiols in a model fuel and the adsorption behavior depended on the structure and the concentration of the thiols. Dibenzothiophene, which is known to be thermally stable and difficult to remove by conventional desulfurization processes, could be extracted from a model fuel at room temperature using halogen-free ionic liquids. The extraction yield of dibenzothiophene increased linearly with the number of carbon of the alkyl group in the ionic liquids.

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