トルコの村の家族構成と女性-西黒海地方O村の事例より

type:論文

type:Article

UNK

Profiting from Matsubara's classification, the author attempts to depict the situation of women within the family structures of a village in Zonguldak Province, Turkey. The village analyzed here has a population of 477, divided between 85 households. Most of the villagers are engaged in farming and cultivation, some men work as coal miners near the village, and some work abroad in Germany. Matsubara's classification divides families into five categories: single family, nuclear family, stem family, extend/stem plus extended family, and 'others'. The first category, the single family, accounts for five households, or 6% of the total. Most households of this type are composed of a grandfather or grandmother with granddaughters. Some grandfathers live alone, but not grandmothers. Women are not supposed to live alone, even the aged. The second category, the nuclear family, accounts for 31 households (36%), the second biggest group. Most of the couples are elderly rather than newly married. The aged couples remain after all their children have left the village ‒the sons in search of work, the daughters for marriage. The third category, the stem family, comprised of 41 households (46%), is the biggest group. Usually the parents live with their youngest son. However, five households of this group are composed of parents with their daughter and son-in-law. This occurs when the couple have no son, or at least no sons available for marriage. Villagers do not respect the son-in-law and no one wants to take on this role. A man is expected to succeed to his own lineage, not to that of his wife.　The fourth category, extended family/stem plus extended family, covers only five households (6%). Among the five, there is only one case of stem plus extended family. However, villagers say they used to live in stem‒plus‒extended‒family households in the unspecified past. As the　number of household members increased, they divided the household into two parts and lived separately. The husbands wanted to be independent. The last category, 'other' kinds of family, covers just one case: that of a man with two wives, who are sisters to each other. This husband is severely condemned by the other villagers, since his behavior violates sexual norms in the village. Owning two sisters, the man is seen as practicing an inverted version of the common ownership of a single woman by plural men, and is suspected of being a 'Communist' or member of an allegedly orgiastic Islamic sect called 'Alevi' .(Both these suspicions are entirely implausible.) The analysis described above reveals a clear difference between the sexes. Women are not supposed to live alone; only men are supposed to inherit the lineage. The remarkably low incidence of extended/stem plus extended families, and men's inclination to be independent, may indicate that the villagers focus on the principle of private ownership of wives by husbands within the family structure.

identifier:13

identifier:KJ00009364399