<報文>濾過速度の温度依存性に関する研究

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  • ロカ ソクド ノ オンド イゾンセイ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ
  • <Original Papers>The Effect of Temperature on Filtration Rate

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In the present study, it was demonstrated that the effect of temperature, which had been not fully noticed, is to be important to improve the filtration rate. As a model of filtration process, the permeability of water through a sintered glass filter plate or calcium carbonate particle bed was investigated, using a batch-gravitational filtration method. Kinetic expressions were introduced from the experimental condition and Ergun's type pressure drop equation regarding the glanular bed. Observed filtration rates were proportional to unfiltered water volume V, corresponding to the following equation for laminar flow filtration : Rate =kV Rate constant k was compared at several temperatures below 100℃. The experimental results are summerized as follows : (1) In a series of tests of permeability of water through a glass filter plate, the rate constant k increased with increasing temperature. (2) Resistance factor obtained after eliminating an influence of viscosity of water from k remained constant over the whole temperature range. Temperature dependence of k between 5 and 95℃ was expressed by k=k°・exp(-A/T), A=1,760,where k° is a constant. From these facts, it was understood that the rate in this case was controlled only by viscous energy loss. (3) Using the constant resistance factor, the rate constant k at above 100℃ was simulated. It's temperature dependence was smaller than that below 100℃. (4) If the rate constant k_<To> is known at any reference temperature, To, the value of k at arbitary temperature can be calculated from the following equation : [numerical formula] (5) In a series of the tests of calcium carbonate particle bed, the rate constant k also increased with increasing temperature. (6) If allowed ±10% error in Kozeny constant in the Kozeny-Carman relationship, similar treatments those with described in (2) through (4) above are possible.

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