Peking was under the control of the Japanese army for an eight year period, from 1937 until the end of the Sino-Japanese War in 1945. Faced with the difficulties of the Japanese Occupation and the cultural upheavals of this period, many authors and intellectuals left the city, and several leading universities relocated to South China. There was, nevertheless, a small population of the cultural elite who remained in Peking and withstood the constrained environment. This paper considers the wartime consideration and activities of the translator Qian Daosun (1887-1966) through an examination of sources in Japan and China. Qian participated in the Great East Asia Writers Congress; however, he was not deeply involved with their activities. His primary reasons for having remained in Peking were: a sense of affinity with Japan that began as an overseas student to Japan in his youth and continued with his close relationship with the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, his family dependents, his having established the Quanshou Collections of Eastern Books based on books he had collected over many years, and finally his lingering affection for his translation activities at the Beijing Library of Modern Science. According to sources written by people who knew Qian during the war, he underwent a psychological change with the collapse of Sino-Japanese relations, and considered moving to the country. After psychological conflict, he decided to remain in Peking and held a post at the Japanese-run Peking University where he preserved Peking's books in his own unique way. In order to clarify the hidden lives of the literati in Peking during the Japanese Occupation, this research also touches upon Zhou Zuoren, a figure resembling Qian and also seen as being a pro-Japanese literati.