日本語オノマトペの基本感情次元と日本語音感素の基本レベルについて

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  • ニホンゴ オノマトペ ノ キホン カンジョウ ジゲン ト ニホンゴ オンカンソ ノ キホン レベル ニ ツイテ
  • On the Basic Affective Dimensions of Japanese Onomatopoeia and the Basic Level of Japanese Phonesthemes

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Abstract

Phonesthemes are the basic unit in sound symbolism, which lies between phonemes and morphemes. In English or Swedish, there are many phonesthemes that consist of two or three consonants (Hinton, Nichols and Ohala, 1994; Abelin, 1999). Japanese does not have such phonesthemes, because it lacks such sound patterns. Hamano (1998) set each Japanese consonant and vowel as a phonestheme and analyzed Japanese onomatopoeia systematically. Her analysis is interesting, yet the selection of phonesthemes and the affective meaning depends on her intuition. In this preliminary study we tried to provide empirical evidence concerning these basic problems and relate these results to the sound symbolism of Japanese in general. 1) 60 onomatopoeia were used. All onomatopoeia were C1V1C2V2 type and related to emotion. 12 subjects rated these onomatopoeia with 24 adjective pairs. Distances among the 60 onomatopoeia in 24 dimensional adjective space were analyzed by MDS. 2 dimensions were adopted. The 1st dimension had the highest correlation with brightness, and the 2nd dimension had the highest correlation with hardness. 2) 157 Japanese morae were used. 99 subjects rated the brightness of these morae and 100 subjects rated the hardness of these morae. Average ratings were analyzed by categorical multiple regression analysis. Dependent variables were averaged brightness or hardness. Independent variables were consonants and vowels. The multiple correlation coefficients for both brightness and hardness were near 1. Consonants had bigger effects on morae than vowels.

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