「日支合辦語」の研究

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  • An Examination of Nisshigōbengo

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The aim of this study is to analyze Nisshigōbengo (日支合辦語) focusing on its linguistic characteristics while also examining its function in society. During the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) up until Japan's defeat in World War II (1945), a Japanese-Chinese-mixed language developed in China and became known as Nisshigōbengo. Nakatani Shikaji (中谷鹿二), a Japanese-Chinese interpreter and Chinese educator, examined Nisshigōbengo in his From Broken Sino-Japanese to Correct Chinese (日支合辦語から正しき支那語へ). Based upon an examination of Nakatani's work, this study has found that Nisshigōbengo is on the level of a 'restricted pidgin' linguistically, and as 'jargon' socio-functionally. This incongruity between the linguistic characteristics and social function possibly derives from the difference in the attitude toward Nisshigōbengo on the part of Japanese and Chinese. Japanese tended to try to use it condescendingly as a method of communication. Chinese, however, seemed to understand it as a unique Japanese way of speaking and used it as necessary when speaking with Japanese. In other words, Nisshigōbengo was developed more unilaterally by Japanese rather than through mutual linguistic exchange.

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