読み手を特定することが文章産出におよぼす効果

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タイトル別名
  • ヨミテ オ トクテイスルコト ガ ブンショウ サンシュツ ニ オヨボス コウカ
  • Effects of providing information about target audience on writing production

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抄録

本研究の目的は,読み手を特定することが,産出文章の質におよぼす効果を検討することであった。実験参加者は大学生110名であった。実験では,読み手の個人特性に関する情報を与える個人特定群,読み手の属するカテゴリー情報を与えるカテゴリー特定群,読み手情報を与えない統制群に道案内文の作成を求めた。その結果,個人特定群は統制群に比べて,目印の説明が丁寧で,相手を配慮した文章が書けることが明らかとなった。また,読み手情報が与えられなくても自発的に読み手を特定できる参加者も質の高い文章を産出できることが見いだされた。さらに,実験参加者を対象とした調査から,自発的に読み手を想定できる参加者は手紙文作成経験が多いことが判明した。これらの結果を読み手意識活動の活性化の観点から考察した。

This research sought to determine whether knowing specific information about the target audience, influences the quality of writing produced. 110 university students participated in the experiment. In the experiment, the students were asked to provide written directions to a certain place in three conditions, one where personal traits regarding the target audience was given, one where the target audience was categorized in certain ways and one where no information whatsoever regarding the target audience was provided, i.e., the control condition. The results of the experiment indicated that in comparisons between the first and last situations (personal traits versus control), the descriptions regarding landmarks were more detailed and showed that the writers took the target audience's point of view into consideration. Additionally, some participants naturally determined audiences on their own and produced descriptions of high quality even though they had received no information regarding target audiences. Furthermore, in a study of the participants in the experiment, it was revealed that many of the participants who naturally determined their audiences were students who had had experience in constructing letters. These results are discussed from the point of view of the activation of audience-awareness.

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