近代の都市と美術館における空間と場所 -テオドール・W・アドルノ「ヴァレリー プルースト 美術館」をもとに-

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  • キンダイ ノ トシ ト ビジュツカン ニ オケル クウカン ト バショ テオドール W アドルノ ヴァレリー プルースト ビジュツカン オ モト ニ
  • Space and Place in Modern City and Museum:A Variation on a Theme by Theodor W.Adorno

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The purpose of this paper is to reconsider the relationships between place and space-the relationships have been an important and many discussed theme after the "Spatial Turn" in sociology and geography-through Theodor W. Adorno's essay `Valery Proust Museum' in Prisemen: Kulturkritik und Gesellshaft.The problem which Paul Valery and Marcel Proust are concerned with is related to the proper place for artwork.ln ` Le probleme des musees' ,Valery criticizes museum,for it separates artwork from its 'maternal architecture' (leur mere Architecture) which is the artwork's original context. In contrast,Proust in A la recherche dutemps perdu: Du cote de chez Swann regards museum as proper place for artwork because its separation from secular world and `maternal architecture' represents the mental and creative activity of artist.In their discussion about museum and artwork,the similarities between modern city and museum are made clear. Valery's description of artworks in museum has many similarities with the description of individuals in modern city which are analyzed by Georg Simmel in `Die Grogstate und die Geistesleben'(the Metropo!is and Mental Life).Adorno points out that the problem of museum which Valery and Proust discuss holds true for the problem which contemporary culture and tradition commonly confronts,and there is an important another element withinthe relationships between artwork and its proper place: person and its gaze. While Valery's standpoint is the one of artist,Proust' s is the one of consumer,audience,flacnuer. Valery's standpoint is nostalgic,which seeks to lost things which cannot be restored to live,and Proust's standpoint is so subjectivist that devaluates the object which is gazed,for the most important thing is the subjective experience and memory of consumer.The discussions of museum by Valery,Proust and Adorno shed light on the paradoxical relationships of subject which gaze,object which is gazed,"aura" and their context,and have great significance to questions surrounding contemporary regional culture and tradition,especially which are the objects of heritage industry.

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