No significant difference in N_2O emission, fertilizer-induced N_2O emission factor and CH_4 absorption between anaerobically digested cattle slurry and chemical fertilizer applied timothy (Phleum pratense L.) sward in central Hokkaido, Japan

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Nitrous oxide (N_2O) and methane (CH_4) fluxes from a fertilized timothy (Phleum pratense L.) sward on the northern island of Japan were measured over 2 years using a randomized block design in the field. The objectives of the present study were to obtain annual N_2O and CH_4 emission rates and to elucidate the effect of the applied material (control [no nitrogen], anaerobically digested cattle slurry [ADCS] or chemical fertilizer [CF]) and the application season (autumn or spring) on the annual N_2O emission, fertilizer-induced N_2O emission factor (EF) and the annual CH_4 absorption. Ammonium sulfate was applied to the CF plots at the same application rate of NH_4-N to the ADCS plots. A three-way ANOVA was used to examine the significance of the factors (the applied material, the application season and the year). The ANOVA for the annual N_2O emission rates showed a significant effect with regard to the applied material (P = 0.042). The annual N_2O emission rate from the control plots (0.398 kg N_2O-N ha^<−1> year^<−1>) was significantly lower than that from the ADCS plots (0.708 kg N_2O-N ha^<−1> year^<−1>) and the CF plots (0.636 kg N_2O-N ha^<−1> year^<−1>). There was no significant difference in the annual N_2O emission rate between the ADCS and CF plots. The ANOVA for the EFs showed insignificance of all factors (P > 0.05). The total mean ± standard error of the EFs (fertilizer-induced N_2O-N emission/total applied N) was 0.0024 ± 0.0007 (kg N_2O-N [kg N]^<−1>), which is similar to the reported EF (0.0032 ± 0.0013) for well-drained uplands in Japan. The CH_4 absorption rates differed significantly between years (P = 0.014). The CH_4 absorption rate in the first year (3.28 kg CH_4 ha^<−1> year^<−1>) was higher than that in the second year (2.31 kg CH_4 ha^<−1> year^<−1>), probably as a result of lower precipitation in the first year. In conclusion, under the same application rate of NH_4-N, differences in the applied materials (ADCS or CF) and the application season (autumn or spring) led to no significant differences in N_2O emission, fertilizer-induced N_2O EF and CH_4 absorption.

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