中国における失地農民の実態と課題

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タイトル別名
  • The "Losing-lands Peasants" Problem in China; the Present Situation and Clue to a Solution
  • チュウゴク ニ オケル シッチ ノウミン ノ ジッタイ ト カダイ

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Recently, many farmers have lost their contracted lands and suffered from poverty in China. The "Losing-lands Peasants (shidi nongmin)" problem has become one of the most serious problems in China. This paper examined the land use and expropriation system as the cause of it, and discussed its'far-reaching influences, especially farmers riots developed from this problem. The "Losing-lands Peasants" problem has basically arose from the rapid expansion of land demands, which caused in the rapid economic growth in China, without building systematic rights to own farming lands by farmers. Some enterprises and corrupted officers take illegal advantage from this situation. The crop estimate is not so sufficient because of their small-scale subsistence farming. But farming income is still important for Chinese farmers since it is relatively stable than non-farming income, besides they cannot receive enough benefits from the social security system. The corporative medical system based on the People's Commune has collapsed once and be in its' rebuilding process now. The social security system is not widespread enough and farmers are not actually able to receive their pensions. Farmers are relying on their farming lands. This problem is really serious because such important lands are going to be expropriated almost forcibly.In the late 2000s, Chinese government proposed the policy that recognizes farmers' contraction on their farming lands as their property rights. But the situation is still far from the solution and we should pay close attention on it.

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