STSあるいは「科学技術研究」についてII(2)

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  • STS, or Science and Technology Studies in Perspective II (2)
  • STS アルイハ カガク ギジュツ ケンキュウ ニ ツイテ 2 2

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The second article of the Part II of the STS series concentrates to the philosophical implications of the Twentieth Century Science. The remarkable development of science in this century is deserved to be called as the Scientific Revolution, because of the prominent success of the theory of relativity and the quantum mechanics in physics or molecular-theoretical studies in biology. Thus established scientific knowledge is not always complete, or theoretically closed. More or less, theories should be complemented with many kind of philosophical argument, in accord with an accomplished level of each theory. Problems, which are open in contemporary scientific investigations, are explained with the aid of philosophical discussion to anticipate the research programs for the future. One of the most important core understanding, which is common to successful achievement of the Twentieth Century Science, is the reductionistic way of thinking as an ideological thought. Analyzing the aspects of the reductionism, critical studies of this methodology are given. The alternatives are discussed for further investigations: phenomenology, holism and systems theory, ecological thinking and dialectic. The last section deals with the problem of social consciousness and ethics on scientific issues. In a philosophical context, two pairs of value systems are referred to clarify the understanding of this problem: Enlightenmental progressivism versus its counter reaction, and neo-Kantian neutralism versus Hegelian stand point theory. These are discussed in some detail, but the complement of the ethical aspects of science and technology with the social studies is necessary. It is reserved for the next article.

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