受動受益的 「～テモラウ」 文と受身文の互換性の要因について

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  • ジュドウ ジュエキ テキ テモラウ ブン ト ウケミ ブン ノ ゴカンセイ ノ ヨウイン ニツイテ
  • The Conditions for the Compatibility between the Te-morau Benefactive and the Non Adversative Passive Construction in Japanese

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This paper examines correlations between the te-morau benefactive construction and the non adversative passive construction in Japanese by focusing on syntactic and semantic properties such as matrix subjects, embedded verbs, agent features concerning an animate or inanimate and speaker’s subjectivity and objectivity. We point out both the similarities and differences in which these two constructions seem to share and also analyze the conditions in which they transform into one another. To conclude the results of the analysis, it is show that the passive sentence which has been recognized as corresponding to te-morau benefactive construction is the direct passive and possessor passive, carrying implication of its subject receives benefit, i.e., non-adversative passive. The crucial condition for compatibility is the embedded verbs which required verbs to describe the beneficial state of affairs for the matrix subject. The verbs which can be available both with these two construction that make them interchangeable are restricted. It is also found that although the non-adversative passive carry the implication of receiving the flavor of agent’s action, it is not always a substitute for the te-morau benefactive construction because of the restrictions of the matrix subject and agent features. The matrix subject and agent in the passive can be inanimate, while the human agent is obligatory in the te-morau benefactive construction. Thus compatibility between these two constructions is found in only the case that both the matrix subject and the agent are the human. However since speaker’s subjectivity, in general these two constructions are interchangeable in the case that the matrix subject is the speaker. The distinguished difference between these two constructions is the beneficiary interpretation. The te-morau benefactive construction denote only the meaning of receiving the flavor of agent’s action, but it also express gratitude to the agent as a benefactor for his kindness, whereas the passive describes the receiving of actions as the facts in an objective view.

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