エベネザー・ハワードが1898年にその著書『明日』(後に『明日の田園都市』)で発表した田園都市論は，単なる理想都市論ではなく，極めて実現性の高い計画論であった。しかし，発表当初はハワードの理論も「空想的」とみなされていた。それを空想ではないと感じさせたのが，ボーンヴィルやポート・サンライトなどの既に実現しつつあった工業村だった。もともと，ハワードの田園都市論は19世紀を通じてイギリスでみられた工業村などの試みや，土地公有化論を基礎に考えられたものである。さらに，ボーンヴィルのカドベリーやポート・サンライトのレヴァーなどの，工業村の創始者である工業主はレッチワース田園都市を建設した第一田園都市株式会社の有力出資者でもあった。いわば，田園都市論も田園都市も工業村をぬきにしては語れないのである。しかし日本では，工業村については断片的な紹介しかされていない。この報告では，19世紀イギリスの工業村の内でも最も著名なソルテア，ポート・サンライト，ボーンヴィルの三事例を取り上げ，その計画と建設の歴史，その後の変化，現状について述べる。

Ebenezer Howard states in his book that Garden City scheme is a combination of three distinct projects including the model city of James Silk Backingham. Backingham's Victoria，which was an ideal industrial village scheme，not for actual realization，seems to be mentioned by Howard as a typical example of many industrial village schemes，whether realized or not. Taking as examples three English industrial villages founded in the 19th century，namely，Sir Titus Salt's Saltaire，Lord Leverhulm's Port Sunlight and George and Richard Cadbury's Bournville，which the author visited in 1989，this report refers to the character of the founders，and to the background，planning，development process，changing character and present status of model villages. Although these industrial villages are very popular in Japan，the author believes that they have not been introduced here sufficiently. Among Japanese books and papers that discuss thess three industrial villages，a book by a voluntary group of officers in the Home Ministry, “Den-en Toshi (Garden City)”, 1907，and a book by Dr. A. Katagi，“Igirisu no Kogai Jyutaku (English Suburban Housing)，” 1977，are offering a good deal of information about them. However，the former was published in 1907，based on A. R. Sennett's book of 1905“Garden Cities in Theory and Practice”, and the latter attaches too much importance to urban and architectural design，so neither of them provides enough information about the history and achievements of English industrial villages. We can find interesting papers by Japanese scholars on each of the three industrial villages. On Bournville，Professor Kaoru Shimofusa，who stayed there for one year in 1969-70，summarizes Bournville's history from its origin to the 1950s and reports on the conditions at that time in his “Utsukushiki-mura Bonbiru (Beautiful Village Bournville).” On Saltaire，Akira Satoh's paper “Saltaire Mill-Victoria shoki no Ichi-kigyo-ka no Riso (Saltaire Mill-an idea of an early Victorian industrialist) explains in detail about Titus Salt's Saltaire and the English wool textile industry from the standpoint of economic history，but has little to say about the planning history. Although we can get a good deal of information about the three industrial villages from these books and papers，the author believes that it would be useful to provide more recent information about them， such as how Saltaire Mill stopped its activity and how Saltaire, while maintaining its historical importance, became a common suburban residential area of Leeds and Bradford ; how Unilever Co. changed its tied housing policy, how it has been selling Port Sunlight's beautiful cottages one by one since 1980 and how Port Sunlight is gradually losing its character as an industrial village, how Bournville has been expanding its area and maintaining its beautiful scenery and how the Bournvilla Village Trust is still continuing development activities for new housing estates in the area.

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