乾隆帝の対ハルハ政策とハルハの対応

書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • Emperor Qian-long’s Ruling Policy over Qalq-a Mongolia and the Qalq-a’s Reaction to it
  • ケンリュウテイ ノ タイ ハルハ セイサク ト ハルハ ノ タイオウ

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抄録

Just after the final solution of the ○egün-γar problem in the twenties of Qian-long, the Emperor Qian-long set about a new attempt to strengthen his rule over Qalq-a Mongols. (Until then he had carried out a compromise in his policy in order to attain their cooperation to defend his North-western border against the ○egün-γar’s menace.) His key person for this new political trend was Sangǰayidorǰi. He was born as a noble of the Tüsiyetü qan ayimaγ, but was brought up in the Beijing court, and so he became a person of Manchurian identity. As soon as he arrived at his post as the vice general of his ayimaγ (it happened in the 22nd year of Qian-long), he was confronted with the Qalq-a nobles’ opposition. His opponents were represented by Erdeni-Šanǰudba Süngdübdorǰi, who was a close relative of Tüsiyetü qan, Čenggünǰab of Sayin noyan ayimaγ, who was then the military governor of Uliyasutai, and čing wang Dasipil, the league chief of Tüsiyetü qan ayimaγ. They were in a secret conspiracy to oppose Sangǰayidorǰi’s political actions. Then Qian-1ong did not hope to rule Qalq-a Mongolia in direct bureaucratic manner but continued his former policy to rule it by the Qalq-a nobles indirectly. It is true that Qian-long appointed ambans and sent them to Yeke Küriy-e as assistants of Sangǰayidorǰi but their duty was only to assist and superintend Sanǰayidorǰi and they were prohibited to intervene the Qalq-a’s domestic problem by the Emperor himself.Although Süngdübdorǰi and his co-operators intrigued to ensnare Sangǰayidorǰi and sometimes prosecuted him to the Emperor, all of their attempts were failed by Qian-long’s decisive protection for Sangǰayidorǰi.After that, Sangǰayidorǰi attacked his opponents with the support of the Emperor. In the 29th year of Qian-long, he prosecuted šangǰudba Süngdübdorǰi. Sangǰayidorǰi’s most powerful opponent, who represented the Tüsiyetü qan family in Yeke Küriy-e, was dismissed and excluded.As condusion, the Qing policy to strengthen its rule over Qalq-a Mongol, didn’t change basically after the ○egün-γar war. In the beginning of twenties of Qian-long, it was submitted to the principle that Qalq-a has to be ruled in indirect manner, through using some Qalq-a nobles who were sympathetic to Qing, as Sangǰayidorǰi. This policy never tried to rule directly in bureaucratic way. This is the main criterion of the Qian-long’s policy during this period.※○はJの上にⅴ(大文字)

収録刊行物

  • 東洋学報

    東洋学報 73 (1・2), 31-61, 1992-01

    東洋文庫

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