Effect of chemical fertilizer and manure application on N2O emission from reed canary grassland in Hokkaido, Japan

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We evaluated the effect of chemical fertilizer and manure applications on N2O emission from a managed grassland by establishing three treatment plots of chemical N fertilizer (chemical fertilizer), manure combined chemical N fertilizer (manure) and no N fertilizer (control) at the Shizunai Experimental Livestock Farm in southern Hokkaido, Japan. N2O fluxes from soils were measured by a closed-chamber method from May 2005 to April 2008. Soil denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) in root-mat layer (0-2.5cm) and mineral soil layer (2.5-5cm) of each treatment plot was measured by an acetylene inhibition method after treatment with NO^[-]_[3]-N and glucose addition and neither NO^[-]_[3]-N nor glucose addition, respectively. Annual N2O emission ranged from 0.6 4.9 kg N2O-N ha^[-1]yr^[-1], with the highest observed in manure plot and lowest in control plot. Chemical fertilizer-induced emission factor (EF) (range: 0.85-1.32%) was significantly higher than manure-induced EF (range 0.35-0.85%). Denitrification potential of soil horizons was measured with addition of both NO^[-]_[3]-N and glucose, which was significantly higher in root-mat soil than that in mineral soil. Soil DEA in root-mat in NO^[-]_[3]-N addition with and without addition of glucose had a significantly positive correlation with soil pH (P < 0.05). Soil pH was significantly influenced by N source, which was significantly lower in chemical fertilizer plot than that in control and manure plot. For a fixed quantity of available N, the application of manure could result in higher N2O emission compared with chemical fertilizer owing to high soil pH values under manure application than under chemical fertilizer application.

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