人間の弁別学習における過剰訓練の役割

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  • ニンゲン ノ ベンベツ ガクシュウ ニ オケル カジョウ クンレン ノ ヤクワリ
  • THE ROLE OF OVERTRAINING IN HUMAN DISCRIMINATION LEARNING

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To see the role of overtraining (OT) in human discrimination learning, recent studies evaluating effects of OT trials on shift learning were reviewed from the following viewpoints: (a) Comparing the superiority of several types in shifting, e.g., reversal shifts vs. nonreversal shifts, (b) effects of delay or time interval between the original and shift problems, and (c) subjects' variables, that is, intelligence, retardates, and age. A survey of experimental evidences resulted the following conclusions: (a) OT facilitates both the reversal (intradimensional) shifts and nonreversal (extradimensional) shifts when subjects were older than 15 years of age, (b) OT facilitates reversal shifts but neither facilitates nor hinders nonreversal shifts when subjects were between three to nine years old, with few exceptions, (c) delay, as well as OT, facilitates shift learning, but there is some different mechanism operating in the facilitation of the two, and (d) although the shift performance of retardates might differ from that of normal children, retardates also learn reversal problems faster under OT condition than under the criterion ones. Discussions were made in relation to methodological and theoretical problems, e.g., how to determine the learning criterion and the degree of OT trials, effects of perceptual properties of discrimination stimuli, and how specify the mediating processes (S-R connectionistic vs. cognitive, perceptual or attentional vs. verbal, or dimension-specific vs. more general).

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