Effects of gastric estrogen on the bone and muscle formation : Dietary intake is an important knowledge for　physical therapists

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  • 胃のエストロゲンが骨と筋に及ぼす影響について : 理学療法を行う上で考慮すべき食事指導の重要性
  • イ ノ エストロゲン ガ ホネ ト スジ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ ニ ツイテ : リガク リョウホウ オ オコナウ ウエ デ コウリョ スベキ ショクジ シドウ ノ ジュウヨウセイ

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Abstract

Estrogen is major hormonal regulator of bone and muscle metabolism in women and men. There is, therefore, considerable interest in unraveling pathways on which estrogen exerts protective effect on bone and skeletal muscle. The major consequence of the loss and deficiency of estrogen is an increase in bone absorption to cause osteoporosis or osteopenia. The heart and skeletal muscle is rich in mitochondria in their cytoplasm, and the function of mitochondria is regulated by estrogen mediated its receptors. Mitochondria are maternally inherited and unique organelles involving in the supply of energy to the host cell, in multiple biochemical processes of calcium homeostasis, regulation of reactive oxygen species, pH control, cell death, and so on. Decades years ago Ueyama et al. (2002) reported that parietal cells in gastric mucosae synthesize and secrete high amount of estrogen into portal vein to keep hepatic functions in rats. The phenomena occur in various kinds of animals including human. During the development of rats, gastric estrogen synthesis and secretion start at weaning, and then increase rapidly to their maturation. The synthesis and secretion of gastric estrogen make a circadian rhythm but not circalunar rhythm observed in ovary. The circadian rhythm is correlated to food intake. Estrogen level in the portal vein is several times higher than that in the systemic circulation, because a large amount of gastric estrogen is bound to hepatic estrogen receptors to keep the liver functions. A part of gastric estrogen passed through the liver flows into systemic circulation, and then acts on the peripheral organs including bone and muscle. Here we show the recent data and reports on the gastric estrogen and its systemic circulation in various physiological and pathological conditions of animals, and we discuss the importance of gastric estrogen on the bone and muscle function.

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