生まれ変わりとしてのルネサンス : ミシュレの死生観とルネサンス概念の誕生

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  • The Birth of the Renaissance and Jules Michelet's View of Life and Death
  • ウマレカワリ ト シテ ノ ルネサンス : ミシュレ ノ シセイカン ト ルネサンス ガイネン ノ タンジョウ

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The age of the Renaissance in 14-16th century Europe, is the transitive period in which people became interested in the ideas and cultures of ancient Greece and Rome, when their views of nature started to change, and medieval culture gradually turned into modern culture. It is often said that the idea of the Renaissance was first used by 19th historian Jacob Burckhardt, who defined it as the age of the discovery of the world and human beings, and many scholars regard him as the father of the Renaissance. However, Burckhardt admitted he owed the idea of “the discovery of the world and human beings” to Jules Michelet’s Histoire de France. In spite of his contribution toward the birth of the Renaissance as a concept, Michelet is almost forgotten and his historical works are seldom referred to in Renaissance studies today. The reason for this omission seems to be derived from his characteristic theory of history. For Michelet, historical materials were not considered as statistical data or so on, but as ghosts or phantoms uttering and mumbling to him. Like a shaman in primitive society, he resurrected the dead, unified with them in his mind, and told their stories on behalf of them. His unique theory came from his view of life and death that was characterized by non-Christian pantheism and the belief in reincarnation. In this paper, first, Michelet’s unique historical theory and his understanding of human history are described. Second, his view of life and death, which influenced his idea of history, is surveyed. Finally, the process and motives with which he created his idea of the Renaissance are discussed.

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