図書にみる看護技術の構造化の現状

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  • トショ ニ ミル カンゴ ギジュツ ノ コウゾウカ ノ ゲンジョウ
  • Trends in the Classification of Nursing Techniques in Books

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目的:看護技術に関する図書における技術の分類方法に着目し,看護技術の構造化の現状を解明し,構造化の特徴と看護技術学を体系的に発展させるための課題を考察する.方法:日本医書出版協会医字書検索を用い,「看護技術」,「援助技術」,「看護」,「技術」をキーワードとし,図書を検索した.次に,「看護技術」に関する図書を抽出した.最後に,抽出した図書の看護技術の分類の階層数,看護技術の分類方法を分析した.結果:対象図書として43冊38種類を抽出した.対象図書には,看護技術の7つの構造が存在していた.それは,【1.伝統的二分型】【2.看護の役割拡大に伴う技術補完型】【3.技術の応用・展開方法追加型】【4.技術発展に向けた知識追加型】などであった.結論:看護技術学の体系的な発展に向けた課題は,看護技術を含む現象を理解するための因子探索レベルの研究への着手,看護技術に関する知識の整理と構造化である.

Objectives : The purpose of this research was 1) to clarify trends in the structure of nursing techniques, focusing on the classification of nursing techniques in books dedicated to this subject; and 2) to discuss the characteristics of the structure of nursing techniques and the issues relevant to systematically developing the science of nursing techniques. Methods: Relevant books were identified by searching the electronic database of the Japan Medical Publishers Association using the following key words : "nursing techniques", "care techniques", "nursing", and "techniques". Books on nursing techniques were selected. The number of classifications of nursing techniques in these books and the types of nursing techniques within these classifications were analysed. Results : Forty-three books (38 types of book) were selected for analysis. Seven structures of nursing techniques were identified. These included: "1. Conventional/essential techniques," "2. Complementary techniques to respond to the expanded role of nursing," "3. Additional methods of applying/providing techniques," and "4. Additional knowledge about research to develop nursing techniques". Conclusion : The results suggested that to systematically develop the science of nursing techniques, factor-searching research is required to describe phenomena related to nursing techniques. The ultimate aim of this research is to systematize the knowledge about nursing techniques and develop a better structure for classifying these techniques.

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