果菜栽培温度に関する研究-1・2-

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育苗中の気温, 地温がトマト及びキウリ苗の発育に及ぼす影響を調査するために, 気温・地温を別々に調節できる温床を設け, 実験を行った.1. トマト a) トマト苗の初期の生育は. 気温16℃, 18℃, 20℃, 24〜16℃のなかでは20℃が優れ, 地温では22℃が最もよく, 次いで20℃, 18℃, 16℃の順となった.しかし, 生育が進むにつれて, 適温は下がり, 高い気温, 地温はむしろ生育を阻害した.b)定植時の調査では, 低い気温の16℃, 18℃で, 地上部, 地下部重ともに増加した.高い気温の23℃, 20℃で育てられた苗は, 草丈の割に重量がなく, 貧弱な発育をした.地温は20℃で最もよい発育をした.c)気温24〜16℃, 地温20℃又は気温16℃, 地温20℃, 22℃の組み合せの場合に良好な生育をした.気温が比較的低い場合は地温が高く, 気温が高い場合は前者よりも低い地温の区が一般に良苗となった.d)気温が昼25℃, 夜15℃の変温区は他のいずれの気温よりよい結果が得られたが, 地温の変温は, 地上部, 地下部重を減少させた.e)気温を高くすれば第1花房の開花は早くなる.しかし, 花房の着生節位は気温が高い場合に上る.このことは着花部位を下げることが必ずしも, 開花を早めるゆえんでないことを示す.f)また気温を高くすると苗が貧弱となるため, 初期の収量は少い.気温17℃で早期収量, 全収量ともに最も多くなったが, 地温の影響はあまり顕著でなかった.2, キウリa)キウリ苗の初期の生育は気温16℃, 18℃, 22℃, 24〜16℃では22℃が優れ, 地温では20℃が最もよく, 次いで22℃, 24℃の順となった.しかし, 定植時には, 気温18℃と, 夜冷気温区が充実した発育をしている.b)地温は根の発達に影響するところが大きく, 20℃で最もよい結果を得た.c)気温, 地温の組合せで考える

Numerous investivations have been made in respect to the temperature for growth of tomato and cucumber, but a few reports on air or soil temperature separately have been found, partly owing to the difficulty in experiments. However, it became possible to control the air and soil temperature separately in some measure by utilizing an electrical heater and the like in the practical raising of the seedlings. Accordingly it became necessary to study the optimal temperature for raising separately with air as well as soil temperature. Moreover, it also comes into question, how to control the opposite soil or air temperature in case either of air or soil temperature is inappropriate and further how to change the management of air and soil temperature at day and night. In order to elucidate these points, this experiment was under. taken. Tomato and cucumber seedlings immediately after germination were transplanted into a hot-bed capable of being controlled separately with its air and soil temperatures. The air temperature was controlled by thermoregulator which was fitted to agricultural electric cable arranged to the hot frame, and seedlings were planted in a round can (volume 3.2l) which was immersed in a water tank capable of being regurated with the temperature of water, and by this means the soil temperature was controlled. 1). Tomato In each 4 sections of air temperature of 16℃, 18℃, 20℃ throughout day and night and of 24℃ at day and 16℃ at night, the following 6 plots were provided : soil temperature of 16℃, 18℃, 20℃, 22℃, 20℃ at day 16℃ at night, and 24℃ and 16℃ respectively. The duration of treatment was 65 days. The early growth of tomato seedling was best with air temperature of 20℃, and the higher the soil temperature, the better the growth was. But with the progress of growth, it became slow, and at the time of transplanting to the field, the weight of top as well as root was large in the plot of air temperature of 16℃ and 18℃. The seedlings in the plots of high air temperatur

source:The technical bulletin of Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University