長野県東部町における巨峰栽培の性格

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • Characteristics of the kyoho grape cultivation in Tōbu-machi, Nagano prefecture
  • ナガノケン トウブマチ ニ オケル キョホウ サイバイ ノ セイカク

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説明

わが国ではすでに近世にはブドウ栽培がなされていた．一方，近年においても新たなブドウ産地が形成されるなど，各地でブドウが栽培されている．本研究においては，1960年代以降に急速に巨峰栽培が拡大した長野県東部町を対象地域とし，巨峰栽培の発展過程，その栽培や出荷に関する以下の特徴が明らかになった．東部町は長野県でも有数の巨峰生産地域であり，ここでは巨峰園が山麓緩傾斜地に分布している．また，収穫された巨峰は個人出荷や共同出荷により，東京市場を中心に出荷されている．

This paper aims at clarifying characteristics of the kyohō grape cultivation in Tōbu-machi, Nagano prefecture. Kyohō is a kind of large-size grapes of high value. Major findings are as follows : (1) Tōbu-machi once was a famous walnut producing area in the 1910s. The farmers enlarged their orchards after beginning apple cultivation in 1932, replacing sericulture to a great degree. Five farmers of Kanō district began to grow kyohō in 1956 in their 1.1ha vineyards, and they organized the Kanō kyohō cooperative in 1959. In 1962, kyohō growing was much encouraged in Nakayashiki by the prefectural government of Shigeno district by using 43 farmers' 12ha vineyards as a model enterprise, and the Nakayashiki grape cooperative was organized at the same time. The kyohō cooperative and the Nakayashiki grape cooperative were consolidated into the Tōbu kyohō cooperative branch under the Tōbu agricultural cooperative in 1996. This cooperative branch plays the major role in the improvement of cultivation techniques and sales. (2) For the farmers kyohō could bring a large profit, but the growing technique was difficult. So that, the farmers cultivated apples in the beginning as a supplement. But improvement of cultivation techniques of kyohō was greatly realized in 1964, and Tōbu-machi came to be known as a specialized kyohō producing area. (3) In Kanō district, there are a lot of kyohō vineyards and paddy fields. Kyohō vineyards are widely dispersed, and many plastic greenhouses are distributed over 700 meters above sea level. On the other hand, in Nakayashiki of Shigeno district, kyohō vineyards are distributed around the farmhouses. Speed chemical sprayers are cooperatively used here. (4) In Tōbu town, three types are seen in the kyohō cultivation : outdoor cultivation, plastic greenhouse non-heating cultivation, and plastic greenhouse heating cultivation. By combining the three types, harvest time and labor can be dispersed. (5) Three types of kyohō shipment are seen in Tōbu-machi : cooperative shipment, farmers' consignment sales with the Tōbu agricultural cooperative, and farmers' direct sales to customers. The last types of sales is widely seen among the growers for larger profit.

収録刊行物

  • 地域研究

    地域研究 44 (1), 1-12, 2003-07-31

    立正地理学会

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