本研究は、韓国の公的扶助制度である「国民基礎生活保障制度」において、ワークフェア政策と言われている「自活事業」の形成と展開過程を運動と制度化の視点から明らかにすることを目的としている。国民基礎生活保障法の制定過程においては、稼働能力層を対象範囲に入れるか否かをめぐって、新自由主義者と福祉拡大主義者の間では、激しい論争が行われた。この論争や金大中政権の生産的福祉パラダイムの展開の結果、自活事業が導入されることとなった。しかし、自活事業の制度化については、このような政治的妥協や負の遺産だけでは、全体像を把握することができない。自活事業が制度化できたことには、1970年代から行われてきた「生産共同体運動」や、制度化過程における市民運動の成果などの運動成果の蓄積が大きな影響を与えたと考えられる。そして、制度化以降における自活事業の改善や拡張には、「韓国地域自活センター協会」を中心とする実践と運動が役割を果たした。このような自活事業の形成と展開過程は、次のように３段階に時期区分することができる。①制度化以前の自活事業―貧民運動の一環として行われた生産共同体運動、②自活事業の制度化過程―生産共同体運動から自活事業へ、③制度化以降の自活事業―地域自活センターにみる自活事業の発展と見直し過程。

This study clarifies the formation and development process of the Self-Supporting Programs, which is called workfare policy, focusing on the viewpoint of movement and institutionalization in the National Basic Livelihood Security System which is the public assistance in Korea. In the process of enacting the National Basic Livelihood Security Act, there was a fierce debate between neoliberals and welfare expansionists over whether or not to include the working capacity group. As a result of this controversy and the development of the productive welfare paradigm of the Kim Dae- Jung administration, the Self-Supporting Programs were introduced. However, with regard to the institutionalization of those programs, such political compromises and negative heritage cannot give an overall picture. It is thought that the institutionalization of the Programs were greatly influenced by the accumulation of exercise results such as the ‘production community movement’ that has been carried out since the 1970s and the results of civic movements in the institutionalization process. And, in the improvement and expansion of the Programs after the institutionalization, the practice and movement centered on the Korea Regional Self-supporting Center Association played a role. The process of forming and developing such Programs can be divided into three stages as follows. (1) The Self-Supporting Programs before institutionalization: production community movement conducted as part of the poor people's movement, (2) Institutionalization process of the Self-Supporting Programs: from production community movement to self-supporting business, (3) The Self-Supporting Programs after institutionalization: development and review process in the Self-Supporting programs as seen in the regional self-supporting center.