日常会話における「わかる」と「知る」の使い分け －談話の分析を通して－

葦原, 恭子, Ashihara, Kyoko

動詞の「わかる」と「知る」は，「わかる」と「知る」が共に認識行為を表す類義語であり，その意味が重なり合う部分と重ならない部分の区別が複雑なことから，日本語学習者には使い分けが困難で，日本語教育の現場で，しばしば，指導上の問題となる。本稿では，日本語教育の現場で「わかる」と「知る」の使い分けを学習者にわかりやすく解説することを目的として，日常生活の中で実際に交わされた談話をデータとして収集し，その話し言葉資料の分析を通して，「わかる」と「知る」の使い分けについて考察し，二つの動詞が置き換え可能な場合と不可能な場合の使い分け，及びその意味分類を明らかにした。

It has been one of the issues to be solved how to teach the similarities, and the differences between 'wakaru', and 'shiru in many of Japanese language classrooms. These two verbs are synonyms, and they both imply recognition. It is rather complicated for Japanese language learners to choose the right verb according to the context in daily conversation. The purpose of this paper is to describe how to use 'wakaru' , and 'shiru' for learners though analyzing actual discourse data collected in daily conversations. The collected data for this paper are up to 430, and they are classified into three groups. One appears in the situations that only 'wakaru' are used another appears in the situations that 'shiru' are used and the last one appears in the situations that both 'wakaru' and 'shiru' could be used The classification and the analysis done in this paper should be useful for Japanese language instructors to clarify the difference between 'wakaru' and 'shiru' in Japanese language classrooms, when they try to explain the difference to their learners. It also could be a great help for Japanese language learners to reduce their misapplications of these two verbs.

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日常会話における「わかる」と「知る」の使い分け－談話の分析を通して－

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